--- title: "SAB 122: The key that unlocks institutional crypto custody" description: SAB 122 revolutionizes institutional crypto custody by removing balance sheet liabilities, enabling traditional financial institutions to scale operations and compete in the growing crypto market. image: https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/SAB122_Blog%20header%20(1).jpg --- [![Cryptio logo](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Cryptio_October2021/images/logo-black.svg "Cryptio logo")](https://cryptio.co/) - Solutions ![accounting-firms-green-bordered.b2040145-3](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/accounting-firms-green-bordered.b2040145-3.svg) ##### [Accounting and Tax](https://cryptio.co/solutions/accounting-tax) [Automate GAAP & IFRS compliant reporting](https://cryptio.co/solutions/accounting-tax) ![internal-controls-green-bordered.eaefa46d-1](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/internal-controls-green-bordered.eaefa46d-1.svg) ##### [Internal controls](https://cryptio.co/solutions/internal-controls) [Ensure completeness and accuracy of crypto data to an auditable standard](https://cryptio.co/solutions/internal-controls) ![Nav bar icons_Blockchain Foundations](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/Nav%20bar%20icons_Blockchain%20Foundations.svg) ##### [Reconciliation](https://cryptio.co/solutions/reconciliation) [Reconcile crypto balances and transactions with internal systems](https://cryptio.co/solutions/reconciliation) [![build-vs-buy-guide.64b11d10-1](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/build-vs-buy-guide.64b11d10-1.svg)](https://landing.cryptio.co/build_vs_buy) ##### [Build your back-office](https://landing.cryptio.co/build_vs_buy) Learn why leading enterprises choose to buy rather than build their own back-office solutions [Download guide](https://landing.cryptio.co/build_vs_buy) - 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[Download guide](https://landing.cryptio.co/guides/how-to-get-audit-ready) [![build-your-back-office-nav.7bffac50](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/build-your-back-office-nav.7bffac50.svg)](https://landing.cryptio.co/guides/back-office-playbook) ##### [Build your back-office](https://landing.cryptio.co/guides/back-office-playbook) Accounting & reportingfor crypto-native businesses [Download guide](https://landing.cryptio.co/guides/back-office-playbook) - [Pricing](https://cryptio.co/pricing) - [Careers](https://cryptio.co/careers) [![Sign in](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/20275766/989fa2da-65dc-4b42-96c1-3d9abcc57425.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/20275766/989fa2da-65dc-4b42-96c1-3d9abcc57425) [![Book a demo](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/20275766/7f093aaf-1bd4-4545-97c6-c5ac040f256c.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/20275766/7f093aaf-1bd4-4545-97c6-c5ac040f256c) - ![LinkedIn](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/LinkedIn.svg) - ![Twitter](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/Twitter.svg) ![](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/SAB122_Blog%20header%20(1).jpg) **[Jeff Rundlet](https://blog.cryptio.co/author/jeff-rundlet) |** February 4, 2025 - [Insider](https://blog.cryptio.co/tag/insider) ## SAB 122: The key that unlocks institutional crypto custody ## SAB 122: The key that unlocks institutional crypto custody A major regulatory barrier to institutional crypto adoption is gone - **regulated entities are no longer required to classify custodied crypto assets as liabilities on their balance sheets.**  On J**anuary 23, 2025**, the **SEC** issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122 (**SAB 122**), revoking the controversial guidelines outlined in **SAB 121**, opening the door for traditional financial institutions to scale their crypto custody operations. ### **What was SAB 121 and why was it controversial?** Issued in **March 2022**, **SAB 121** introduced strict reporting and risk assessment requirements for financial institutions holding cryptocurrency on behalf of clients. The most significant and widely criticized provision required institutions to classify custodied crypto assets as liabilities on their balance sheets. This meant that banks and financial firms had to allocate significant reserve capital to back these positions, making crypto custody an unappealing, capital-inefficient business model. As a result, most traditional financial institutions avoided offering crypto custody, leaving the space dominated by crypto-native custodians. While **SAB 121** aimed to enhance oversight, critics argued that it deviated from standard accounting practices, stifled competition, and pushed market participants toward riskier, largely unregulated custodians. It also limited the choice of custodians, heightening concentration risk and increasing systemic vulnerabilities. ### **How SAB 122 changes crypto custody for financial institutions** **SAB 122** removes the requirement for banks to classify client-held cryptocurrencies as balance sheet liabilities, eliminating one of the biggest barriers to scaling crypto custody. This shift makes it far more viable for regulated financial institutions to offer custody services. Of course, institutions must still meet key reporting and risk assessment obligations, including: - Maintaining disclosure and transparency around custodial risks. - Complying with established accounting frameworks, such as FASB ASC 450-20. - Providing regular financial reporting on crypto holdings. By taking a more balanced approach, SAB 122 enables broader institutional participation in the U.S. crypto market while maintaining necessary safeguards. The new rule applies retrospectively for annual periods **beginning after December 15, 2024**, though firms may adopt it earlier to align past financial statements and ease the transition. ### **The future: a more competitive institutional crypto market** With **SAB 122 replacing SAB 121**, the institutional landscape for crypto is transforming. The removal of punitive balance sheet requirements means: - Banks and traditional financial institutions can now compete in crypto custody, increasing market diversity and reducing reliance on crypto-native custodians. - The **U.S.** aligns more closely with global regulatory frameworks like **MiCA (EU)** and **VARA (Dubai)**, creating more clarity for institutional participants. - **Institutional demand for enterprise-grade data, reporting, and compliance tools will surge** as more regulated firms enter the space. This newfound competitiveness in custodial product capital efficiency creates a major opportunity for fast moving market participants. However, building the data, accounting and reporting infrastructure required is complex and time-intensive. Entities considering such offerings will have to decide between [self-building vs. buying](https://blog.cryptio.co/cryptio-building-vs-buying-a-crypto-back-office-solution)—where self-building could take years depending on complexity— or opting for a dedicated third-party back-office solution like [Cryptio](https://cryptio.co/). ### **How Cryptio supports this evolution** Self building comes with high upfront and ongoing costs, but the bigger risk is lost market share due to delays in time to market. Back-office solutions provide a much faster path to market - for instance Cryptio already provides the end-to-end data, accounting, and regulatory compliance solutions needed to navigate the complexities of the evolving crypto space. Our latest platform iteration, [Bedrock](https://blog.cryptio.co/cryptio-bedrock-keynote-highlights), offers enterprises: - **Unmatched data accuracy:** data sourced from proprietary indexers and self-run nodes, combinable with off-chain data from internal databases, ledger systems and banks for full and accurate end-to-end cover. - **Full auditability:** through **daily reconciliation** of on and off-chain wallets on a scale of 1B+ transactions across 100M+ wallets monthly. - **Peace of mind in regulatory compliance:** through tooling to help institutions deal with common issues such as segregation of funds in co-mingled omnibus wallets, alongside seamless ERP integrations and automatic reporting for MiCA, VARA, SEC and common reporting standards. ### **A watershed moment** SAB 122 represents a watershed moment for crypto’s integration into traditional finance. With regulatory barriers easing, banks, custodians, and asset managers can finally enter the space at scale. This shift will not only drive institutional adoption via increased offerings of custodial crypto products, but also reshape the financial infrastructure underpinning digital assets. Speed is everything in this new era of regulated finance. The faster you develop and integrate the right accounting and reporting infrastructure, the stronger your first-mover advantage. Cryptio provides the foundation and expertise to get you there—faster. [Book a demo](https://cryptio.co/demo) with our team today. #### Table of contents - [What was SAB 121 and why was it controversial?](https://blog.cryptio.co/sab-122-the-key-that-unlocks-institutional-crypto-custody#anchor-1) - [How SAB 122 changes crypto custody for financial institutions](https://blog.cryptio.co/sab-122-the-key-that-unlocks-institutional-crypto-custody#anchor-2) - [The future: a more competitive institutional crypto market](https://blog.cryptio.co/sab-122-the-key-that-unlocks-institutional-crypto-custody#anchor-3) - [How Cryptio supports this evolution](https://blog.cryptio.co/sab-122-the-key-that-unlocks-institutional-crypto-custody#anchor-4) - [A watershed moment](https://blog.cryptio.co/sab-122-the-key-that-unlocks-institutional-crypto-custody#anchor-5) ### Start using Cryptio for free [![Book a demo](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/20275766/7f093aaf-1bd4-4545-97c6-c5ac040f256c.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/20275766/7f093aaf-1bd4-4545-97c6-c5ac040f256c) [Back to blog](https://blog.cryptio.co) ### Discover more from Cryptio - [Product News](https://blog.cryptio.co/tag/product-news) ### [Combatting NFT spam and token scams in digital assets - Accounting and reporting for crypto businesses](https://blog.cryptio.co/combatting-nft-spam-and-token-scams-in-digital-assets-accounting-and-reporting-for-crypto-businesses) 3 minute read - [Insider](https://blog.cryptio.co/tag/insider) ### [Crossing the Crypto Accounting Chasm](https://blog.cryptio.co/crossing-the-crypto-accounting-chasm) 5 minute read - [Partnership](https://blog.cryptio.co/tag/partnership) ### [Ledger Enterprise partners with Cryptio to bring financial auditability to institutions](https://blog.cryptio.co/ledger-enterprise-partners-with-cryptio-to-bring-financial-auditability-to-institutions) 2 minute read ## Book a meeting with *our experts* On the call we can set you up with a sandbox account so you can try Cryptio for yourself. ![Letter icon](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Cryptio_October2021/images/letter.svg) - Enterprise-grade security - Online support - Instant access ![Letter icon](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Cryptio_October2021/images/loop.png) ![Letter icon](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Cryptio_October2021/images/ethereum_bitcoin_coin.png) ![Cryptio logo](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/raw_assets/public/Cryptio_October2021/images/logo-white.svg "Cryptio logo") [![LinkedIn](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/LinkedIn.svg)](https://www.linkedin.com/company/cryptio) [![Twitter](https://blog.cryptio.co/hubfs/Twitter.svg)](https://twitter.com/cryptio_co) ![soc-logo](https://blog.cryptio.co/hs-fs/hubfs/Imported%20images/soc-logo.png?width=38&name=soc-logo.png "soc-logo") ### Product - [Use cases](https://cryptio.co) - [Solutions](https://cryptio.co) - [Pricing](https://cryptio.co/pricing) - [Integrations](https://cryptio.co/integrations) ### Support - [Contact us](https://cryptio.co/contact) - [Help center](https://support.cryptio.co/hc/en-gb) ### Company - [Partners](https://cryptio.co/partners) - [Blog](https://blog.cryptio.co/) ### Legal - [Terms & Conditions](https://cryptio.co/terms) - [Privacy policy](https://cryptio.co/privacy) ### Don’t miss an update Sign up for our newsletter for the latest Cryptio news & insights All Rights Reserved - Inquiries: [security@cryptio.co](mailto:security@cryptio.co)